Alcohol Related Deaths

Some statements gleaned from Dr.Jurgen Rehm and colleagues' research (as given in an article summary @ http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-06/cfaa-ss1062609.php) are as follows:

"...alcohol-attributable disorders are among the most disabling disease categories within the global burden of disease..."

World-wide, 4% of deaths are because of alcohol consumption. In Europe, 10%. Of course, this includes the former Soviet Union where it's 15%!

The average global consumption of alcohol is 7 standard drinks per week. A standard drink is the amount of alcohol found in a can of beer, or 13.6 grams of pure ethanol. This average consumption includes all adults - drinkers and abstainers.

Alcohol consumption can cause cancer, heart disease, cirrhosis of the liver and vehicular death as well as other categories of accidents - and injuries.

The complete article can be found in this week's edition of the Lancet.

Malaria and Quinine

Quinine, one of the older treatments for malaria, is not without side-effects. Research now shows that a source for these problems may be quinine's ability to reduce intake of tryptophan. Without this essential amino acid, humans are unable to make new proteins in the numbers needed for optimal health and growth.

There are 6000 genes in yeasts. Researchers have made mutant yeast clones - each one lacking one of these 6000 genes. This research was done using the complete genetic library of clones. They were able to show that two of these strains, both of which were unable to make tryptophan transporters had diminished growth.

To read the article summary, go to: <http://www.eurekalert.org/pub releases/2009-06/asfb-tdm0609.php>.

The complete article will appear in the July 3rd issue of Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Low Cost High Tech Centrifuge

You can make a centrifuge by taking a piece of tubing with one end sealed, filling it with the liquid which you wish to centrifuge and taping it to the side of a single beater egg beater. Turn the crank and the tubing spins around rapidly thus causing the tubing to be an effective centrifuge tube.

Lacking this inexpensive egg beater, you could use an electric one by putting only one beater in place.

Go to this YouTube video and see it work.

http://www.rsc.org/AboutUs/News/PressReleases/2008/EggBeaterCentrifuge.asp

Stress and Aging

Every time a cell divides, protective tips (telomeres) on the ends of its chromosomes shorten. This causes cell aging. Without these protective coverings, cell divisions are less accurate and are limited in number. In the 1980’s, Dr. Elizabeth H. Blackburn et al discovered telomerase, a protein which allows recovery in telomere lengths.

Now, Dr. Rita Effros and associates at UCLA have shown how stress with its concomitant production of cortisol can increase the rate of aging in immune cells. One of the multiple functions of cortisol is to reduce the production of telomerase and thus cause premature shortening of the telomeres.

A longer summary of this information can be found at http://www.eurekalert.org and the original article, UCLA Study Identifies Mechanism behind Mind-Body Connection, in the May 2008 issue of Brain, Behavior and Immunity.

Wow! Cheap Effective Treatment for Osteoporosis

As men and women age, there are reductions in those hormones which keep bones strong. As a result, half of the women and one-fourth of the men over 50 will have bone fractures.

How does this work?

Without proper levels of these hormones, some immune cells called T-Lymphocytes can reduce the number of your cells which build up bone (Osteoblasts) and increase the action of those which break down bone (Osteoclasts).

In this study with mice, low dosage of aspirin was found to regulate the activity of these T-cells so that more of the bone building cells were created and the activity of the cells which broke down bone was reduced.

Perhaps someday soon, the same low dosage of aspirin which helps prevent heart damage will also be used to improve bone health.

This study was done at USC School of Dentistry, with associates from UCLA, NIDCR/NIH, Australia, Japan and USC.

A longer summary of this article can be found at www.Eurekalert.org .

To see the original article, go to PLoS ONE http://www.plosone.org/doi/pone.0002615 .

Want to gain weight? Increase your iron level.

At least it works for yeast. As much as we like to believe that humans are unique, even the humble yeast shares many of our genetic pathways.

Drs. Thiele and Geller at Duke University have discovered that if cells are deficient in iron, they respond by shunting the iron from the mitochondria of the cells to other places more critical for life. The cells then make more of their ATP (energy units) from glucose by a much less efficient method -18 times less energy from the same amount of glucose. This can result in lethargy and also poor cognitive development.

A longer summary of this article may be found at http://www.eurekalert.org/ Duke scientists show why cells starved of iron burn more glucose

Earlier research by another group showed that at the age of puberty when women begin losing iron due to menstruation, they need to make sure their iron levels are sufficient. This iron anemia seems to be one of the reasons that men overtake women in math ability at that time.

Good news for Parkinson’s Disease!

Autologous adult stem cells were taken from the olfactory nerve in the nose were harvested, multiplied and transplanted into rats which had undergone a surgical procedure which damaged their dopamine-producing neurons on one side of their brains.

Within three weeks, all of the rats showed dramatic improvement in their Parkinson like behaviors. Subsequent tests showed the presence of dopamine in this area of the brain. None of the rats had tumors such as had developed after transplantation with embryonic stem cells.

A longer summary of this article may be found at http://www.eurekalert.org Adult stem cell findings offer new hope for Parkinson's cure

The original article is from the current issue of the journal Stem Cells.